There is also a belief in hell among the people of our country. The ruler of hell, Yama, is unknown to everyone. The people call him Yama, or the Devil King of Hell and Lord of Hell. Yama is a simplified translation of ancient Sanskrit. He was originally the ruler of the underworld in Indian mythology. After the rise of Buddhism, it absorbed Yama and regarded him as the ghost king of Buddhism. Tang Dynasty monk Hui Lin said in Volume 5 of "All Sutras" that Yama, also known as the King of Equality, is mainly responsible for the karma of life and death and sin and happiness. He manages the eight hot and eight cold hells and other affiliated small hells. He leads the ghost soldiers into the five realms of Hell, hungry ghosts, beasts, humans, and heaven to hunt down sinners and judge sin. Yama belief is related to the introduction of Buddhism, but it has long been Sinicized. According to Buddhist scriptures, King Yama was originally the king of the ancient Indian But in the Chinese folk, the main people who became Yan Luo after death were Han Jihu, Yan Anzhi, Qi Huilian, Kou Zhun, Fan Zhongyan, Han Qi, Bao Zheng, Lin Heng and others. Han Jihu was a fierce general in the Sui Dynasty, while Yan Anzhi and Qi Huilian were from the Tang Dynasty. At that time, there was a saying that "a person's integrity, death is a ghost official." In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the standards for being a ghost official that is, Yan Luo, were not only integrity, but also strict, loyal, and filial piety. Yan Anzhi was the Jingzhao Yin when Emperor Xuanzong of Tang "used to be strong and Ming, and the people were afraid of him." Because of his filial father, Qi Huilian had "the most line", and was canonized by God as the Yama King who was "the one who ordered the master".

In the Song Dynasty, Yan Luo was all appointed by famous ministers, and they all had character and deeds. The upright and honest famous ministers, Kou Zhun, Fan Zhongyan, Han Qi, Bao Zheng, Lin Heng, etc., were all from the Song Dynasty. Of these five people, Lin Heng had a lower reputation and died in the office of the governor of Xiuzhou. According to Volume 1 of Hong Mai's "Yijian Bingzhi", he was "an official in his whole life, and he served himself with a fierce illness." He was an honest official who dared to act. It is worth pointing out that Bao Zhengzhi was an honest official and was the most praised by the people, and as the king of hell, he was also the most widely circulated among the people. After Kou Zhun, Fan Zhongyan, and Han Qi died, they became Yanluo, which is not widely circulated in the folk, but Bao Zhengzhi was the King of Yanluo, which was known to women and children. The Qing Dynasty Zhai Hao's "Popular Editor" said: "Today's children and women talk about rehabilitating unjust prisons, often calling Bao Longtu, and saying that he died as the King of Yama." Not only that, folklore says that when Bao Gong was alive, he began to manage the affairs of the underworld, so-called "day breaks the world, night breaks the underworld." Legend has it that Bao Gong has a "Youxian Pillow", and as long as he rests on this Immortal Pillow, he can enter the underworld.

The folklore of Bao Gong and other honest officials becoming Yama after death is very interesting. Yama is the supreme ruler of the underground world, and according to common sense, it should correspond to the emperor of the young world. However, in our country, we have not heard of any human emperor who became Yama after death. The existence of Yama was originally arranged by the people. People cannot choose the emperor of the young world, but they can choose the ruler of the underworld. So, is the legend of a clean official being Yama a tortuous reflection that the people in the past did not like the high emperor?

Folklore, stories and related folk beliefs definitely contain the values and emotional demands of the people. The folk belief in the King of Hell and the legends of Bao Gong and other honest officials as the King of Hell not only show the people's affirmation and admiration for the honest officials, but also obviously show the people's dissatisfaction with the bureaucratic system in the world at that time, the real society where corrupt officials were rampant and justice was difficult to implement; it reflects the people's hope and pursuit of a fair and just society. However, the reality of the world is not good. I hope that the world after death will be dominated by unselfish upright and honest officials, and the helplessness and weakness of the people can be seen here. Mr. Lu Xun said to the people in the past, "I mourn their unhappiness, and I don't argue with my anger." The "unhappiness" and "indisputable" of the people in the past were also fully expressed in their belief in Yama.